Energy Production: NAD+ is essential in cellular respiration and the generation of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the primary energy currency of cells. It acts as an electron carrier during glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.
DNA Repair: NAD+ is involved in the maintenance and repair of DNA by activating enzymes called PARPs (poly-ADP ribose polymerases), which are crucial for fixing damaged DNA strands.
Gene Expression Regulation: It plays a significant role in regulating gene expression, primarily through its interaction with sirtuins, a family of enzymes that influence aging and metabolism.
Cellular Aging: Levels of NAD+ decline with age, and this decrease is associated with age-related diseases and reduced cellular function. Efforts to boost NAD+ levels are being explored for their potential in promoting healthy aging and longevity.
Metabolism: NAD+ is critical for various metabolic pathways, impacting how the body metabolizes carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
Neuroprotection: Research suggests that NAD+ has protective effects on brain cells and may improve cognitive function. It is being studied for its potential role in treating neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s.
Immune Function and Inflammation: NAD+ supports immune response and can influence inflammation, potentially aiding in managing chronic inflammation and immune-related disorders.
Given its wide range of essential functions, maintaining adequate levels of NAD+ is considered critical for overall cellular health and function.Â